Irreversible pressure drops (caused by friction, turbulences and flow separation) |
Straight pipes |
Circular pipe, rectangular pipe, circular ring, channel, corrugated pipe, other forms |
Pipe entrances |
Sharp edged entrance, rounded entrance, sharp edged entrance with angle, inward projecting pipe entrance |
Changes of section |
Sudden and gradual enlargement, sudden and gradual contraction |
Bends |
Circular bend, bend of segments, cast iron bend, rectangular bend, miter bend circular, miter bend rectangular |
Brandings of current |
Tee sharp edged, tee globular, tee rounded bottom plain, tee globular neck rounded, branch flowing asunder, branch flowing together, y-pipe straight, y-pipe bent |
Bellows |
Compensator corrugated tube, lyra-bend, u-bend |
Valves |
Globe valve, globe valve y-pattern, angle valve, gate valve, cock, swing valve |
Check valves |
Check valve globe lift, check valve y-pattern globe lift, check valve swing |
Nozzles and orifices |
Orifice ISO 5167, orifice sharp-edged, orifice round-edged, orifice thick-edged, nozzle, long radius nozzle, venturi tube |
Perforated plates |
Perforated plate thin circular, perforated plate thin rectangular, perforated plate thick circular, perforated plate thick rectangular |
Strainers and grids |
Metal grid circular, metal grid rectangular, metal wire circular, metal wire rectangular, two-plane screen circular, two-plane screen rectangular, y-strainer, screen basket filter, conical strainer |
Resistance coefficients |
Resistance coefficient of circular and rectangular pipes |
Reversible pressure changes (caused by vertical differences of pipe and by changes of kinetic energy) |
Reversible pressure changes |
Vertical difference, dynamic pressure change of circular and rectangular pipes |